Hypezide 50 mg (Tablet)

Indications

• Edema associated with congestive heart failure
• Edema associated with hepatic cirrhosis
• Edema associated with premenstrual tension
• Edema due to various forms of renal dysfunction
• Hypertension treatment

Pharmacology

• Promotes water loss from the body
• Inhibits Na/Cl reabsorption in the kidneys
• Causes loss of potassium
• Increases serum uric acid
• Prevents hypertension-related morbidity and mortality
• Causes vasodilation
• Activates calcium-activated potassium channels
• Inhibits various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue

Dosage & Administration

• Initial dose for edema: 25 to 50 mg daily
• Maximum dose for edema: 100 mg daily
• Dose for hypertension: 25 mg daily, increased to 50 mg if necessary
• Initial elderly dose: 12.5 mg daily
• Initial children's dose: 1 to 2 mg per kg body-weight in 2 divided doses

Interaction

• Potential potentiation of orthostatic hypotension with alcohol, barbiturates, or narcotics
• Possible adjustment of dosage with concurrent use of oral and parenteral antidiabetic drugs
• Additive effect with other antihypertensive drugs
• Reduced absorption in the presence of cholestyramine and colestipol resin
• Possible interaction with corticosteroids or ACTH intensifying electrolyte depletion
• Attenuation of diuretic and antihypertensive effects with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Contraindications

• Anuria
• Hypersensitivity to Hydrochlorothiazide or other sulphonamide-derived drugs
• Severe renal or hepatic failure
• Addison’s disease
• Hypercalcemia
• Concurrent lithium therapy

Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal effects: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, pancreatitis
• Central nervous system effects: dizziness, paraesthesiae, headache
• Hematological effects: leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia
• Cardiovascular effects: hypotension, orthostatic hypotension
• Hypersensitivity reactions: purpura, rash, urticaria, fever, respiratory distress
• Metabolic effects: hyperglycemia, electrolyte imbalance
• Renal effects: renal dysfunction, interstitial nephritis
• Other effects: muscle spasm, weakness, blurred vision, impotence

Pregnancy & Lactation

• Thiazides cross the placental barrier
• Use in pregnancy requires weighing of benefits and possible hazards
• Not recommended in otherwise healthy pregnant women
• Thiazides appear in breast milk

Precautions & Warnings

• Monitoring for signs of fluid and electrolyte imbalance
• Warning signs or symptoms of imbalance
• Precautions for hypokalaemia
• Sensitivity reactions may occur
• Considerations for impaired renal function
• Caution in patients with impaired hepatic function or progressive liver disease
• Potential for hyperuricaemia, gout, and impaired glucose tolerance
• Possibility of exacerbation or activation of systemic lupus erythematosus

Overdose Effects

• Electrolyte depletion
• Dehydration
• Possible accentuation of cardiac arrhythmias due to hypokalaemia
• Symptomatic and supportive measures required
• Emesis or gastric lavage for recent ingestion
• Correction of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, hepatic coma, and hypotension

Therapeutic Class

• Thiazide diuretics & related drugs

Storage Conditions

• Below 30°C temperature
• Away from light & moisture
• Keep out of the reach of children

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