Timolol Maleate
Generic Details
Generic Name
Timolol Maleate
Other Names
- Timolol
Drug Class
- Beta-blocker
Chemical Formula
C13H24N4O3S
Molecular Weight
316.42 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist
Indications
- Hypertension
- Angina pectoris
- Glaucoma
- Migraine prophylaxis
Common Dosage Forms
- Tablet
- Eye drops
Typical Dosage
- 10-20 mg once daily for hypertension
- Instill 1-2 drops in the affected eye(s) twice daily for glaucoma
Pediatric Dosage
- Safety and efficacy not established in children
Geriatric Dosage
- Dose adjustment may be needed based on renal function
Side Effects
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Bronchospasm
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
Contraindications
- Severe bradycardia
- Heart block greater than the first degree
- Asthma or COPD without appropriate bronchodilator therapy
Pregnancy Category
- C
Lactation Safety
- Limited data available; use with caution
Drug Interactions
- May potentiate hypotensive effects of calcium channel blockers and other antihypertensive drugs
Overdose Symptoms
- Hypotension
- Bradycardia
- Bronchospasm
Antidote for Overdose
- Atropine may be used for bradycardia; glucagon for cardiovascular collapse
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Rapidly absorbed after oral administration
- Distribution: Widely distributed in the body, including crossing the blood-brain barrier
- Metabolism: Extensively metabolized in the liver
- Excretion: Primarily excreted in the urine
Precautions
- Monitor heart rate and blood pressure regularly during treatment
Warnings
- Abrupt withdrawal may precipitate angina or arrhythmias
Others
- Avoid abrupt discontinuation; taper off dose if needed