Empagliflozin

Generic Details

Generic Name

Empagliflozin

Other Names

  • Jardiance

Drug Class

  • Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor

Chemical Formula

C23H27ClO7

Molecular Weight

450.907 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

  • Inhibits SGLT2 in the renal proximal tubules, leading to decreased reabsorption of filtered glucose and increased glucose excretion in urine.

Indications

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Common Dosage Forms

  • Tablet

Typical Dosage

  • 10 mg or 25 mg once daily

Pediatric Dosage

  • Not established

Geriatric Dosage

  • Dose adjustment may be required based on renal function

Side Effects

  • Genital mycotic infections, urinary tract infections, hypoglycemia when used concomitantly with insulin or insulin secretagogues, dehydration, hypotension

Contraindications

  • Severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m²), end-stage renal disease, dialysis

Pregnancy Category

  • Not recommended during pregnancy

Lactation Safety

  • Safety not established, use caution

Drug Interactions

  • Insulin and insulin secretagogues may increase risk of hypoglycemia when used concomitantly

Overdose Symptoms

  • Hypovolemia, dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte abnormalities

Antidote for Overdose

  • Supportive care and correction of electrolyte abnormalities

Storage Conditions

  • Store at room temperature (20-25°C), protect from moisture

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Rapidly absorbed after oral administration
  • Distribution: Protein binding is 86.2%
  • Metabolism: Metabolized by UGT2B7 to inactive metabolites
  • Excretion: Mainly excreted unchanged in the urine

Precautions

  • Monitor renal function regularly, assess for signs of ketoacidosis in patients with type 1 diabetes

Warnings

  • May increase the risk of lower limb amputations, acute kidney injury, and urosepsis