Citric Acid Monohydrate

Generic Details

Generic Name

Citric Acid Monohydrate

Other Names

  • Citric Acid

Drug Class

  • Acidulant
  • Chelating Agent

Chemical Formula

C6H8O7.H2O

Molecular Weight

210.14 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

  • Citric acid works as an acidulant and chelating agent in various pharmaceutical formulations.

Indications

  • Treatment of kidney stones
  • Adjunct therapy for metabolic disorders
  • Alkalinizing agent in urine

Common Dosage Forms

  • Oral solution
  • Granules
  • Powder

Typical Dosage

  • 500 mg - 1 g orally, 2-3 times per day

Pediatric Dosage

  • Consult pediatrician for appropriate dosage

Geriatric Dosage

  • Dose adjustment may be needed, consult healthcare provider

Side Effects

  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to citric acid
  • Severe renal impairment

Pregnancy Category

  • Category C - Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus

Lactation Safety

  • Limited data available; caution advised

Drug Interactions

  • May interact with aluminum-containing antacids, check with healthcare provider

Overdose Symptoms

  • Metabolic acidosis

Antidote for Overdose

  • Provide supportive care and manage symptoms

Storage Conditions

  • Store in a dry place at room temperature

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
  • Distribution: Widely distributed in the body
  • Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver
  • Excretion: Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine

Precautions

  • Monitor electrolyte levels during therapy
  • Use with caution in patients with renal impairment

Warnings

  • Avoid prolonged use without medical supervision
  • Discontinue if rash or allergic reaction occurs

Others

  • Citric acid monohydrate should be used with caution in patients with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones.