Ketoconazole
Generic Details
Generic Name
Ketoconazole
Other Names
- Nizoral
- Ketoderm
- Extina
Drug Class
- Antifungal
Chemical Formula
C26H28CI2N4O4
Molecular Weight
531.427 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, disrupting the fungal cell membrane
Indications
- Fungal infections such as candidiasis, ringworm, pityriasis versicolor, and seborrheic dermatitis
Common Dosage Forms
- Tablet
- Cream
- Shampoo
Typical Dosage
- 200-400 mg orally once daily for systemic infections
- 2% cream applied once daily for skin infections
Pediatric Dosage
- Dosage based on weight and condition; consult pediatrician
Geriatric Dosage
- Dosage adjustment may be needed; consult healthcare provider
Side Effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Headache
- Rash
- Liver problems
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ketoconazole
- Co-administration with certain medications like simvastatin, colchicine
Pregnancy Category
- C - Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks
Lactation Safety
- Probably compatible with breastfeeding; limited data available
Drug Interactions
- Warfarin
- Cyclosporine
- Statins
- Antacids
- Midazolam
Overdose Symptoms
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Dizziness
- Confusion
Antidote for Overdose
- No specific antidote; symptomatic treatment
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Well absorbed orally, better absorbed in acidic conditions
- Distribution: Highly protein-bound
- Metabolism: Hepatic via CYP3A4
- Excretion: Mainly in feces
Precautions
- Monitor liver function tests during treatment
- Avoid alcohol consumption
Warnings
- Risk of severe hepatic toxicity
- Potential for adrenal insufficiency
Others
- Avoid use in patients with a history of liver disease or abnormalities