Diazoxide
Generic Details
Generic Name
Diazoxide
Other Names
- Proglycem
Drug Class
- Antihypertensive
- Vasodilator
Chemical Formula
C8H7ClN2O2S
Molecular Weight
230.67 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Activates ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells and vasodilation
Indications
- Hypertensive emergencies
- Hypoglycemia secondary to hyperinsulinism
Common Dosage Forms
- Oral suspension
- Tablet
Typical Dosage
- 25-50 mg, 2-3 times daily for hypertension
- 3-8 mg/kg/day in divided doses for hypoglycemia
Pediatric Dosage
- Dosage based on weight and condition, consult healthcare provider
Geriatric Dosage
- Initiate at the lower end of the dosage range due to increased risk of hypotension
Side Effects
- Hypotension
- Hyperglycemia
- Anorexia
- Nausea
- Fluid retention
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to diazoxide
- Hypotension
- Pre-existing hyperglycemia
Pregnancy Category
- C - Risk cannot be ruled out
Lactation Safety
- Use with caution, monitor infant for effects
Drug Interactions
- Beta-blockers
- Diuretics
- Antidiabetic agents
Overdose Symptoms
- Hypotension
- Bradycardia
- Respiratory depression
Antidote for Overdose
- Close monitoring, supportive care
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Well absorbed orally
- Distribution: Widely distributed, crosses the placenta
- Metabolism: Hepatic
- Excretion: Primarily renal excretion
Precautions
- Monitor blood pressure regularly
- Avoid abrupt withdrawal in hypertensive patients
Warnings
- Risk of profound hypotension
- Monitor glucose levels in diabetic patients