Chloramphenicol (Ophthalmic)

Generic Details

Generic Name

Chloramphenicol Ophthalmic

Other Names

  • Chlorsig
  • Chloromycetin

Drug Class

  • Antibiotic

Chemical Formula

C11H12Cl2N2O5

Molecular Weight

323.13 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

  • Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit

Indications

  • Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis
  • Prevention of eye infections after injury or surgery

Common Dosage Forms

  • Ophthalmic ointment
  • Ophthalmic solution

Typical Dosage

  • Apply a small amount to the affected eye(s) every 3 to 4 hours

Pediatric Dosage

  • Consult a pediatrician for appropriate dosage

Geriatric Dosage

  • May require dose adjustment based on renal function

Side Effects

  • Eye irritation
  • Burning sensation
  • Stinging
  • Allergic reactions like itching and swelling

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol
  • Age below 2 years
  • Severe renal impairment

Pregnancy Category

  • C - Use with caution

Lactation Safety

  • Limited data, exercise caution

Drug Interactions

  • May interact with other eye medications, consult healthcare provider

Overdose Symptoms

  • Systemic toxicity including bone marrow suppression

Antidote for Overdose

  • No specific antidote, symptomatic and supportive care

Storage Conditions

  • Store at room temperature away from light and moisture

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Low systemic absorption after ocular administration
  • Distribution: Penetrates well into the cornea and aqueous humor
  • Metabolism: Hepatic metabolism
  • Excretion: Primarily renal excretion

Precautions

  • Avoid contact with soft contact lenses
  • Do not use longer than prescribed

Warnings

  • Discontinue use if irritation persists or worsens
  • Do not use in viral or fungal eye infections

Others

  • Shake the ophthalmic solution well before using