Canagliflozin Hemihydrate
Generic Details
Generic Name
Canagliflozin-Hemihydrate
Other Names
Drug Class
- Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors
Chemical Formula
C24H25FO5S•1/2H2O
Molecular Weight
446.53 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits SGLT2 in the proximal renal tubules, leading to decreased reabsorption of filtered glucose and increased urinary glucose excretion.
Indications
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Common Dosage Forms
- Tablet
Typical Dosage
- 100-300 mg once daily
Pediatric Dosage
- Not established
Geriatric Dosage
- Adjust dosage based on renal function
Side Effects
- Polyuria
- Hypotension
- Hypoglycemia
- Genital mycotic infections
- Urinary tract infections
Contraindications
- Severe renal impairment
- End-stage renal disease
- Hypersensitivity to canagliflozin
Pregnancy Category
- Category C - Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus
Lactation Safety
- Risk cannot be ruled out
Drug Interactions
- Diuretics
- Insulin
- Oral hypoglycemic agents
Overdose Symptoms
- Hypovolemia
- Dehydration
- Hypotension
Antidote for Overdose
- No specific antidote, treatment is symptomatic and supportive
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Rapidly absorbed after oral administration
- Distribution: Highly protein-bound
- Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites
- Excretion: Mainly excreted in the urine
Precautions
- Monitor renal function regularly
- Consider dose adjustment in hepatic impairment
Warnings
- Increased risk of ketoacidosis
- Lower limb amputations have been reported in clinical trials