Acetazolamide

Generic Details

Generic Name

Acetazolamide

Other Names

Diamox

Drug Class

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Chemical Formula

C4H6N4O3S2

Molecular Weight

222.25 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

Inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, leading to reduced production of aqueous humor in the eye and decreased bicarbonate production in the kidneys

Indications

Glaucoma
Edema (associated with heart failure or medications)
Epilepsy
Acute mountain sickness
High-altitude pulmonary edema
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Common Dosage Forms

Tablet
Extended-release capsule

Typical Dosage

250-500 mg orally daily in divided doses

Pediatric Dosage

10-20 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses

Geriatric Dosage

Lower initial doses may be required due to decreased renal function in elderly patients

Side Effects

Tingling in the extremities
Taste alteration
Increased urination
Drowsiness
Nausea
Dizziness
Photosensitivity

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides
Severe kidney or liver disease
Electrolyte imbalances

Pregnancy Category

C - Use with caution

Lactation Safety

May excrete into breast milk, consult healthcare provider before use

Drug Interactions

May potentiate the effects of other anticonvulsants
May alter the effects of anticoagulants

Overdose Symptoms

Confusion
Seizures
Severe drowsiness

Antidote for Overdose

There is no specific antidote, supportive care should be provided

Storage Conditions

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
Distribution: Penetrates the blood-brain barrier and is distributed into breast milk
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver to an active metabolite
Excretion: Excreted primarily unchanged in the urine

Precautions

Monitor electrolyte levels regularly
Use caution in patients with sulfonamide allergies

Warnings

May cause metabolic acidosis
Avoid use in patients with hepatic cirrhosis