Cisplatin
Generic Details
Generic Name
Cisplatin
Other Names
- Platinol
- CDDP
Drug Class
- Antineoplastic Agent
- Alkylating Agent
- Platinum-based Chemotherapy
Chemical Formula
PtCl2H6N2
Molecular Weight
300.05 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Forms DNA cross-links which inhibit cell division and trigger apoptosis
Indications
- Testicular Cancer
- Ovarian Cancer
- Bladder Cancer
- Lung Cancer
- Head and Neck Cancer
- Cervical Cancer
Common Dosage Forms
- Injection
Typical Dosage
- 60-100 mg/m^2 intravenously every 3-4 weeks
Pediatric Dosage
- Dosage based on body surface area
Geriatric Dosage
- Adjust based on renal function
Side Effects
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Nephrotoxicity
- Neurotoxicity
- Myelosuppression
- Ototoxicity
- Electrolyte imbalances
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to platinum compounds
- Severe renal impairment
Pregnancy Category
- Category D - Positive evidence of risk
Lactation Safety
- L3 - Moderately Safe
Drug Interactions
- Amphotericin B (increases renal toxicity)
- Other nephrotoxic drugs
Overdose Symptoms
- Severe bone marrow suppression
- Nephrotoxicity
Antidote for Overdose
- Amifostine for nephroprotection
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature (20-25°C)
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Rapidly and well absorbed after IV administration
- Distribution: Wide distribution in tissues
- Metabolism: Minimal metabolism
- Excretion: Primarily renal excretion
Precautions
- Monitor renal function before and during treatment
- Hydration before and after administration
Warnings
- Risk of severe myelosuppression
- Neurotoxicity may be cumulative
Others
- Platinum compounds like cisplatin are associated with a higher risk of hypersensitivity reactions