Cloxacillin Sodium
Generic Details
Generic Name
Cloxacillin Sodium
Other Names
- Cloxacillin Na
- Cloxacillin
Drug Class
- Antibiotic
- Penicillinase-resistant penicillin
Chemical Formula
C19H17ClN3NaO5S
Molecular Weight
475.85 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)
Indications
- Skin and soft tissue infections
- Bone infections
- Respiratory tract infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Septicemia
- Endocarditis
Common Dosage Forms
- Capsules
- Oral suspension
- Powder for injection
Typical Dosage
- 250-500 mg every 6 hours for adults
Pediatric Dosage
- 25-50 mg/kg/day in divided doses for children
Geriatric Dosage
- Dose adjustment may be required based on renal function
Side Effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Allergic reactions
- Liver toxicity
- Renal toxicity
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to penicillins
- History of severe allergic reactions
Pregnancy Category
- Risk cannot be ruled out; use only if clearly needed
Lactation Safety
- Small amounts excreted in breast milk, monitor infant for potential effects
Drug Interactions
- Probenecid - increases serum levels of cloxacillin
- Oral contraceptives - reduced efficacy with high-dose cloxacillin
Overdose Symptoms
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Seizures
Antidote for Overdose
- Supportive care and symptomatic treatment
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature (15-30°C)
- Protect from light and moisture
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Well absorbed after oral administration
- Distribution: Distributes well into tissues and body fluids
- Metabolism: Partially metabolized in the liver
- Excretion: Excreted mainly in the urine
Precautions
- Caution in patients with renal impairment
- Monitor for superinfections during prolonged use
Warnings
- Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
- Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in patients with syphilis
Others
- Commonly used for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infections