Lidocaine + Adrenaline

Generic Details

Generic Name

Lidocaine-Adrenaline

Other Names

  • Lidocaine-Epinephrine

Drug Class

  • Local Anesthetic
  • Vasoconstrictor

Chemical Formula

C14H22N2O

Molecular Weight

234.34 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

  • Lidocaine blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibiting nerve conduction. Adrenaline constricts blood vessels, prolonging the anesthetic effect.

Indications

  • Local anesthesia for minor surgical procedures
  • Hemostasis in procedures with high risk of bleeding

Common Dosage Forms

  • Topical solution
  • Injection solution

Typical Dosage

  • Dependent on the procedure and patient's weight, generally 1-5 mg/kg of lidocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline for infiltration anesthesia

Pediatric Dosage

  • Dosage adjustments needed, consult pediatric guidelines

Geriatric Dosage

  • Lower doses may be required due to potential decreased metabolism and clearance

Side Effects

  • Hypotension
  • Bradycardia
  • Allergic reactions
  • Tachycardia
  • Nausea

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to local anesthetics or adrenaline
  • Certain cardiac arrhythmias

Pregnancy Category

  • Category B - Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.

Lactation Safety

  • Compatible with breastfeeding, minimal excretion into breast milk

Drug Interactions

  • Beta-blockers may enhance vasoconstrictive effects of adrenaline

Overdose Symptoms

  • Seizures
  • Cardiac arrest
  • Respiratory depression

Antidote for Overdose

  • Supportive care, lipid emulsion therapy for systemic toxicity

Storage Conditions

  • Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Rapidly absorbed via injection or topical application
  • Distribution: Widely distributed in tissues
  • Metabolism: Hepatic metabolism
  • Excretion: Primarily renally excreted

Precautions

  • Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment
  • Monitor for signs of systemic toxicity

Warnings

  • Avoid intravascular injection to prevent systemic toxicity

Others

  • Always aspirate before injecting to avoid intravascular injection