Dextran + Sodium Chloride

Generic Name

Dextran Sodium Chloride

Other Names

Drug Class

• Colloid

Chemical Formula

Not applicable (mixture)

Molecular Weight

Not applicable (mixture)

Mechanism of Action

• Dextran is a high molecular weight glucose polymer that expands plasma volume by creating colloid osmotic pressure.

Indications

• Hypovolemia
• Shock

Common Dosage Forms

• Solution for intravenous infusion

Typical Dosage

• 500 ml to 2000 ml infused at a rate of 0.5 to 2 ml/kg/hr depending on the patient's condition.

Pediatric Dosage

• Dosing based on weight and medical condition

Geriatric Dosage

• Dosage adjustment may be necessary based on renal function

Side Effects

• Fluid overload
• Hypersensitivity reactions like anaphylaxis
• Renal failure if used in large volumes or for extended periods

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to dextran or any component of the formulation
• Severe renal impairment
• Congestive heart failure
• Pulmonary edema
• Hypervolemia

Pregnancy Category

• Category C - Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans

Lactation Safety

• May pass into breast milk, caution advised

Drug Interactions

• No significant drug interactions reported

Overdose Symptoms

• Symptoms of fluid overload such as pulmonary edema, swelling

Antidote for Overdose

• Discontinue infusion, provide supportive measures

Storage Conditions

• Store at room temperature (15°C to 30°C)
• Protect from light
• Do not freeze

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Administered intravenously, hence 100% bioavailability
• Distribution: Distributes mainly in the intravascular space and expands the plasma volume
• Metabolism: Not metabolized
• Excretion: Excreted unchanged in the urine

Precautions

• Monitor for signs of fluid overload
• Monitor renal function during therapy

Warnings

• Hypersensitivity reactions can be severe and life-threatening