Dextrose
Generic Details
Generic Name
Dextrose
Other Names
- Glucose
Drug Class
- Carbohydrate
- Hyperosmotic agent
Chemical Formula
C6H12O6
Molecular Weight
180.156 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Dextrose provides a direct source of energy for cells through glucose metabolism.
Indications
- Treatment of hypoglycemia
- Intravenous support in parenteral nutrition
- Hyperosmolar therapy
Common Dosage Forms
- Oral solution
- Injection
Typical Dosage
- For hypoglycemia: 10-20 grams orally
- For intravenous support: 5-50% solution at a rate determined by the clinical situation
Pediatric Dosage
- Dosage based on weight and clinical condition
Geriatric Dosage
- Dosage adjustments may be needed based on renal function
Side Effects
- Hyperglycemia
- Vein irritation at injection site
- Electrolyte imbalances
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to dextrose
- Intracranial hemorrhage
Pregnancy Category
- Safe for use
Lactation Safety
- Compatible with breastfeeding
Drug Interactions
- Insulin
- Diuretics
- Corticosteroids
Overdose Symptoms
- Hyperglycemia
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Antidote for Overdose
- Insulin and glucose
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract
- Distribution: Distributed throughout the body, readily entering cells for energy production
- Metabolism: Metabolized through glycolysis
- Excretion: Excreted in urine
Precautions
- Monitoring of blood glucose levels
- Use with caution in diabetic patients
Warnings
- Do not administer undiluted solutions intravenously
Others
- Dextrose may crystallize in cold temperatures, warm before use