Diazepam
Generic Details
Generic Name
Diazepam
Other Names
- Valium
Drug Class
- Benzodiazepine
Chemical Formula
C16H13ClN2O
Molecular Weight
284.74 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Enhances the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain
Indications
- Anxiety disorders
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Muscle spasms
- Seizures
- Insomnia
Common Dosage Forms
- Tablet
- Capsule
- Injection
- Rectal Gel
Typical Dosage
- 2-10 mg, 2-4 times daily for anxiety disorders
Pediatric Dosage
- 0.1-0.3 mg/kg/dose, 2-4 times daily for seizures
Geriatric Dosage
- Lower initial dose and titrate slowly to avoid oversedation
Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Fatigue
- Muscle weakness
- Confusion
- Dizziness
Contraindications
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- Severe respiratory insufficiency
- Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines
Pregnancy Category
- Category D - Potential risk of harm to the fetus, use only if benefits outweigh risks
Lactation Safety
- Compatible with breastfeeding in low doses
Drug Interactions
- Alcohol
- Other CNS depressants
- Antacids
Overdose Symptoms
- Extreme drowsiness
- Confusion
- Slurred speech
- Weakness
- Coma
Antidote for Overdose
- Flumazenil
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature away from light and moisture
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration
- Distribution: Crosses the blood-brain barrier and placenta, enters breast milk
- Metabolism: Hepatic via CYP enzymes
- Excretion: Primarily renal excretion of metabolites
Precautions
- Avoid abrupt discontinuation after prolonged use to prevent withdrawal symptoms
Warnings
- May be habit-forming, risk of dependence and tolerance with long-term use
Others
- It is essential to follow dosage instructions carefully and not to exceed prescribed doses.