Fluconazole

Generic Details

Generic Name

Fluconazole

Other Names

  • Diflucan

Drug Class

  • Antifungal Agent

Chemical Formula

C13H12F2N6O

Molecular Weight

306.27 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

  • Fluconazole inhibits the fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme 14α-demethylase, leading to a decrease in ergosterol synthesis and disruption of the fungal cell membrane.

Indications

  • Treatment of Candidiasis (vaginal, oral, esophageal, and invasive), Cryptococcal meningitis, Prophylaxis against fungal infections in immunocompromised patients

Common Dosage Forms

  • Tablet
  • Suspension
  • Injection

Typical Dosage

  • 150 mg once as a single dose for vaginal candidiasis
  • 100-400 mg/day for systemic fungal infections

Pediatric Dosage

  • 3-12 mg/kg/day for systemic fungal infections

Geriatric Dosage

  • Dosage adjustments may be needed based on renal function

Side Effects

  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Rash
  • Liver enzyme abnormalities
  • Abdominal pain

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to fluconazole or azole antifungals

Pregnancy Category

  • C

Lactation Safety

  • Compatible with breastfeeding

Drug Interactions

  • Increased risk of QT prolongation when used with certain other drugs

Overdose Symptoms

  • Hallucinations
  • Paranoid behavior
  • Seizures

Antidote for Overdose

  • Supportive care and monitoring for symptoms

Storage Conditions

  • Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Well absorbed orally
  • Distribution: Widely distributed in body tissues
  • Metabolism: Primarily hepatic
  • Excretion: Mainly excreted in urine

Precautions

  • Monitor liver function tests during prolonged therapy

Warnings

  • Risk of hepatotoxicity in patients with liver dysfunction

Others

  • Avoid alcohol consumption during fluconazole therapy due to the risk of liver toxicity.