Ganciclovir (Ophthalmic)

Generic Details

Generic Name

Ganciclovir-ophthalmic

Other Names

  • Vitrasert
  • Zirgan
  • Cytovene

Drug Class

  • Antiviral

Chemical Formula

C9H13N5O4

Molecular Weight

277.23 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

  • Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Indications

  • Treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in immunocompromised patients

Common Dosage Forms

  • Ophthalmic gel
  • Ophthalmic ointment

Typical Dosage

  • Apply a 1-cm ribbon of ophthalmic gel into the conjunctival sac every 3 hours while awake
  • Apply ophthalmic ointment 5 times a day (approximately every 4 hours)

Pediatric Dosage

  • Consult pediatric ophthalmologist for appropriate dosing

Geriatric Dosage

  • No specific dosage adjustments

Side Effects

  • Eye irritation
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Increased lacrimation
  • Blurry vision

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to ganciclovir or any component of the formulation

Pregnancy Category

  • Category C - Animal reproduction studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus

Lactation Safety

  • Use with caution in lactating women

Drug Interactions

  • No formal drug interaction studies have been conducted with ganciclovir ophthalmic

Overdose Symptoms

  • Increased severity of side effects

Antidote for Overdose

  • No specific antidote, manage symptoms supportively

Storage Conditions

  • Store at 2°C to 25°C (36°F to 77°F)

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Minimal systemic absorption
  • Distribution: Limited distribution
  • Metabolism: Metabolized to active form ganciclovir
  • Excretion: Primarily via urine

Precautions

  • Do not wear contact lenses while using ophthalmic gel or ointment

Warnings

  • Only for ophthalmic use, not for injection or oral use

Others

  • It is important to follow proper hand hygiene practices before and after applying the medication.