Glipizide
Generic Details
Generic Name
Glipizide
Other Names
- Glucotrol
Drug Class
- Sulfonylurea
Chemical Formula
C21H27N5O4S
Molecular Weight
445.538 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Stimulates insulin release from the pancreas, increasing the uptake of glucose by tissues
Indications
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Common Dosage Forms
- Tablet
Typical Dosage
- 5-20 mg per day
Pediatric Dosage
- Not established
Geriatric Dosage
- Lower doses may be required due to decreased renal function
Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
Contraindications
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
Pregnancy Category
- C - Risk cannot be ruled out
Lactation Safety
- Compatible with breastfeeding
Drug Interactions
- Beta-blockers
- MAO inhibitors
- Salicylates
Overdose Symptoms
- Hypoglycemia
- Seizures
- Coma
Antidote for Overdose
- Glucose or glucagon
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
- Distribution: Distribution primarily into the liver and kidneys
- Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver to inactive compounds
- Excretion: Excreted in the urine and feces
Precautions
- Monitor blood glucose levels regularly
- Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment
Warnings
- Risk of hypoglycemia, especially in elderly patients
Others
- Glipizide should be taken with breakfast or the first main meal of the day to reduce the risk of low blood sugar episodes.