Hydrocortisone

Generic Details

Generic Name

Hydrocortisone

Other Names

  • Cortisol

Drug Class

  • Corticosteroid

Chemical Formula

C21H30O5

Molecular Weight

362.46 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

  • Hydrocortisone binds to the glucocorticoid receptor, leading to various effects including anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and metabolic actions.

Indications

  • Hydrocortisone is used for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions such as allergies, asthma, arthritis, skin disorders, and certain hormone deficiencies.

Common Dosage Forms

  • Cream
  • Ointment
  • Lotion
  • Tablet
  • Injection

Typical Dosage

  • The typical dosage varies depending on the condition being treated. It is usually administered in a range of 5-30 mg orally per day.

Pediatric Dosage

  • Pediatric dosages are weight-based and should be determined by a healthcare provider.

Geriatric Dosage

  • Lower doses may be required in the elderly population due to increased susceptibility to adverse effects.

Side Effects

  • Common side effects include fluid retention, weight gain, high blood pressure, mood changes, and increased risk of infections.

Contraindications

  • Hydrocortisone is contraindicated in patients with systemic fungal infections and hypersensitivity to the drug.

Pregnancy Category

  • Hydrocortisone is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy when the benefits outweigh the risks.

Lactation Safety

  • Hydrocortisone may pass into breast milk but is usually considered compatible with breastfeeding.

Drug Interactions

  • Hydrocortisone may interact with certain medications such as anticoagulants, antidiabetic drugs, and immunosuppressants. It is important to consult a healthcare provider before using hydrocortisone with other medications.

Overdose Symptoms

  • Symptoms of overdose may include excessive weight gain, fluid retention, and electrolyte imbalances.

Antidote for Overdose

  • There is no specific antidote for hydrocortisone overdose. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.

Storage Conditions

  • Hydrocortisone should be stored at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Hydrocortisone is well-absorbed orally and topically.
  • Distribution: It distributes widely in the body and crosses the placenta.
  • Metabolism: Metabolized mainly in the liver.
  • Excretion: Excreted in the urine as metabolites.

Precautions

  • Caution is advised in patients with diabetes, hypertension, peptic ulcers, and osteoporosis as hydrocortisone can worsen these conditions.

Warnings

  • Abrupt discontinuation of hydrocortisone therapy may lead to adrenal insufficiency. Tapering the dose is necessary when stopping treatment.

Others

  • Hydrocortisone should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible to minimize the risk of side effects.