Ketorolac Tromethamine

Generic Name

Ketorolac Tromethamine

Other Names

• Ketorolac
• Toradol

Drug Class

• NSAID (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

Chemical Formula

C15H13NO3

Molecular Weight

255.27 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

• Inhibits the enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, reducing prostaglandin synthesis

Indications

• Short-term management of moderate to severe pain
• Postoperative pain control

Common Dosage Forms

• Tablet
• Injection
• Eye drops

Typical Dosage

• Oral: 10 mg every 4-6 hours as needed
• Intramuscular or Intravenous: 30-60 mg as a single dose, not to exceed 120 mg/day

Pediatric Dosage

• Not established for tablets
• Injection: 0.5 mg/kg (up to 15 mg) every 6 hours

Geriatric Dosage

• Consider lower doses due to the increased risk of adverse effects

Side Effects

• GI upset
• Ulceration
• Renal impairment
• Bleeding disorders

Contraindications

• History of asthma or allergic reactions to NSAIDs
• Active peptic ulcer disease
• Third trimester of pregnancy

Pregnancy Category

• C - Third trimester is contraindicated

Lactation Safety

• Limited data available – avoid if possible or use with caution

Drug Interactions

• Increased risk of bleeding with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents
• Reduced diuretic effect with diuretics

Overdose Symptoms

• Signs of toxicity include headache, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal bleeding

Antidote for Overdose

• Supportive care and symptomatic treatment

Storage Conditions

• Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Well absorbed orally and parenterally
• Distribution: Highly protein-bound
• Metabolism: Mainly through conjugation in the liver
• Excretion: Primarily through the kidneys

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease
• Monitor renal function regularly during therapy

Warnings

• May increase the risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, myocardial infarction, and stroke