Levetiracetam
Generic Details
Generic Name
Levetiracetam
Other Names
- Keppra
Drug Class
- Anticonvulsant
Chemical Formula
C8H14N2O2
Molecular Weight
170.21 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Exact mechanism unknown; binds to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A in the brain
Indications
- Epilepsy (partial onset seizures, myoclonic seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures)
Common Dosage Forms
- Tablet
- Extended-release tablet
- Oral solution
Typical Dosage
- Adults: Initiate at 500 mg twice daily, may increase by 1000 mg/day every 2 weeks
- Pediatrics: Dosage based on weight
Pediatric Dosage
- Dosage based on weight; consult healthcare provider
Geriatric Dosage
- Dosing adjustments may be necessary; consult healthcare provider
Side Effects
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Weakness
- Infection
- Loss of appetite
- Irritability
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to levetiracetam or its ingredients
Pregnancy Category
- C
Lactation Safety
- Probably compatible
Drug Interactions
- Phenytoin
- Valproic acid
- Carbamazepine
Overdose Symptoms
- Drowsiness
- Agitation
- Aggression
- Respiratory depression
Antidote for Overdose
- Symptomatic and supportive treatment
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature (20-25°C)
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Rapid and almost complete
- Distribution: Crosses the blood-brain barrier and placenta; found in breast milk
- Metabolism: Limited metabolism in the liver
- Excretion: Primarily excreted unchanged in urine
Precautions
- Caution in patients with renal impairment
- Monitor for behavioral changes
Warnings
- May cause suicidal thoughts or actions; monitor for mood changes and seek immediate medical attention if symptoms occur
Others
- Avoid abrupt withdrawal to prevent seizure recurrence