Ampicillin Sodium
Generic Details
Generic Name
Ampicillin-Sodium
Other Names
- Ampicillin Sodium
Drug Class
- Penicillin Antibiotic
Chemical Formula
C16H19N3O4S.Na
Molecular Weight
371.4 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)
Indications
- Bacterial infections such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, etc.
Common Dosage Forms
- Capsules
- Oral suspension
- Injection
Typical Dosage
- 250-500mg every 6 hours
Pediatric Dosage
- Dose based on weight and severity of infection
Geriatric Dosage
- May require lower doses due to reduced renal function
Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Rash
- Allergic reactions
- Superinfection
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to penicillins
- Infectious mononucleosis
Pregnancy Category
- B - usually considered safe
Lactation Safety
- Compatible with breastfeeding
Drug Interactions
- Probenecid (decreases renal excretion)
Overdose Symptoms
- Seizures
- Confusion
- Renal failure
Antidote for Overdose
- Supportive care
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Well-absorbed orally
- Distribution: Penetrates well into tissues and body fluids
- Metabolism: Partially metabolized in the liver
- Excretion: Primarily renal excretion
Precautions
- Monitor for allergic reactions
- Consider dose adjustments in renal impairment
Warnings
- Risk of superinfection with prolonged use
Others
- Complete the full course of antibiotics to prevent antibiotic resistance