Mannitol
Generic Details
Generic Name
Mannitol
Other Names
- Osmitrol
Drug Class
- Osmotic diuretic
- Renal dehydrating agent
Chemical Formula
C6H14O6
Molecular Weight
182.17 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Osmotic agent that works by drawing water into the kidneys to help increase urine production.
Indications
- Acute kidney injury
- Cerebral edema
- Glaucoma
- Raised intraocular pressure
- Toxic ingestion or overdose
Common Dosage Forms
- Solution for intravenous administration
Typical Dosage
- 50-100g every 3-6 hours as needed for diuresis
Pediatric Dosage
- Consult pediatric nephrologist for proper dosage
Geriatric Dosage
- Dose adjustment may be required based on renal function
Side Effects
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- Dehydration
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting
Contraindications
- Severe heart failure
- Severe dehydration
- Active intracranial bleeding
Pregnancy Category
- C - Use with caution
Lactation Safety
- Compatible with breastfeeding
Drug Interactions
- Loop diuretics may potentiate the diuretic effect of mannitol
Overdose Symptoms
- Severe dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Renal failure
Antidote for Overdose
- Supportive care and electrolyte replacement may be necessary
Storage Conditions
- Store at controlled room temperature (20-25°C)
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Not absorbed systemically after oral administration
- Distribution: Distributes into extracellular fluid compartments
- Metabolism: Not significantly metabolized
- Excretion: Excreted unchanged in the urine
Precautions
- Patients with renal impairment should be monitored closely for signs of fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Warnings
- Mannitol should be administered by healthcare professionals in a clinical setting due to its potential side effects and the need for close monitoring.