Metformin Hydrochloride

Generic Details

Generic Name

Metformin Hydrochloride

Other Names

  • Glucophage
  • Glumetza
  • Fortamet
  • Riomet

Drug Class

  • Biguanide

Chemical Formula

C4H11N5 • HCl

Molecular Weight

165.62 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

  • Decreases hepatic glucose production
  • Increases insulin sensitivity
  • Improves peripheral glucose uptake

Indications

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Common Dosage Forms

  • Tablet
  • Extended-release tablet
  • Oral solution

Typical Dosage

  • 500 mg - 2000 mg per day in divided doses

Pediatric Dosage

  • Consult healthcare provider for appropriate dosing

Geriatric Dosage

  • Adjust dose based on renal function

Side Effects

  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Lactic acidosis (rare but serious)

Contraindications

  • Renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m^2)
  • Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis

Pregnancy Category

  • Category B

Lactation Safety

  • Safe with monitoring

Drug Interactions

  • Digoxin
  • Cimetidine
  • Furosemide
  • Nifedipine
  • Statin drugs

Overdose Symptoms

  • Lactic acidosis
  • Hypoglycemia

Antidote for Overdose

  • Hemodialysis if necessary

Storage Conditions

  • Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Variable, mainly in the small intestine
  • Distribution: Distributed into erythrocytes
  • Metabolism: Negligible metabolism
  • Excretion: Excreted unchanged in the urine

Precautions

  • Monitor renal function regularly
  • Avoid excessive alcohol consumption

Warnings

  • Risk of lactic acidosis
  • Discontinue prior to radiographic contrast procedures

Others