Metformin Hydrochloride
Generic Details
Generic Name
Metformin Hydrochloride
Other Names
- Glucophage
- Glumetza
- Fortamet
- Riomet
Drug Class
- Biguanide
Chemical Formula
C4H11N5 • HCl
Molecular Weight
165.62 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Decreases hepatic glucose production
- Increases insulin sensitivity
- Improves peripheral glucose uptake
Indications
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Common Dosage Forms
- Tablet
- Extended-release tablet
- Oral solution
Typical Dosage
- 500 mg - 2000 mg per day in divided doses
Pediatric Dosage
- Consult healthcare provider for appropriate dosing
Geriatric Dosage
- Adjust dose based on renal function
Side Effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Lactic acidosis (rare but serious)
Contraindications
- Renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m^2)
- Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis
Pregnancy Category
- Category B
Lactation Safety
- Safe with monitoring
Drug Interactions
- Digoxin
- Cimetidine
- Furosemide
- Nifedipine
- Statin drugs
Overdose Symptoms
- Lactic acidosis
- Hypoglycemia
Antidote for Overdose
- Hemodialysis if necessary
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Variable, mainly in the small intestine
- Distribution: Distributed into erythrocytes
- Metabolism: Negligible metabolism
- Excretion: Excreted unchanged in the urine
Precautions
- Monitor renal function regularly
- Avoid excessive alcohol consumption
Warnings
- Risk of lactic acidosis
- Discontinue prior to radiographic contrast procedures