Pioglitazone + Metformin Hydrochloride
Generic Details
Generic Name
Pioglitazone-Metformin Hydrochloride
Other Names
- Pioglitazone-Metformin HCl
Drug Class
- Antidiabetic Combination
Chemical Formula
C19H20N2O3S·C4H12ClN5
Molecular Weight
505.06 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Pioglitazone: Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues
- Metformin: Reduces glucose production in the liver and improves glucose uptake in peripheral tissues
Indications
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Common Dosage Forms
- Tablet
Typical Dosage
- 15 mg-850 mg to 45 mg-1000 mg once or twice daily with meals
Pediatric Dosage
- Not established
Geriatric Dosage
- Use with caution due to the risk of lactic acidosis
Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Weight gain
- Edema
- Headache
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
Contraindications
- Severe renal impairment, metabolic acidosis, heart failure
Pregnancy Category
- Category C
Lactation Safety
- Not recommended
Drug Interactions
- Insulin secretagogues, rifampin, corticosteroids
Overdose Symptoms
- Lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia
Antidote for Overdose
- Discontinue medication and provide supportive care
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature away from light and moisture
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract
- Distribution: Metformin distributes into erythrocytes and is not bound to plasma proteins
- Metabolism: Metformin is not metabolized in the liver
- Excretion: Excreted unchanged in the urine
Precautions
- Monitor renal function
- Monitor for signs of heart failure
Warnings
- Risk of lactic acidosis
- Not recommended in patients with hepatic impairment
Others
- May cause vitamin B12 deficiency over time