Nifedipine
Generic Details
Generic Name
Nifedipine
Other Names
- Adalat
- Procardia
Drug Class
- Calcium channel blocker
Chemical Formula
C17H18N2O6
Molecular Weight
346.33 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits calcium ion influx through L-type calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells
Indications
- Hypertension
- Angina pectoris
- Raynaud's phenomenon
Common Dosage Forms
- Tablet
- Capsule
- Extended-release tablet
Typical Dosage
- 30-60 mg/day in divided doses for hypertension
- 10-20 mg 3 times/day for angina
Pediatric Dosage
- Safety and efficacy not established in children
Geriatric Dosage
- Dosage adjustments may be necessary due to age-related changes in drug metabolism
Side Effects
- Headache
- Flushing
- Dizziness
- Peripheral edema
- Constipation
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to nifedipine
- Severe hypotension
- Cardiogenic shock
Pregnancy Category
- C - Risk cannot be ruled out
Lactation Safety
- Use with caution, may excrete into breast milk
Drug Interactions
- CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., grapefruit juice) can increase nifedipine levels
Overdose Symptoms
- Hypotension
- Bradycardia
- Metabolic acidosis
Antidote for Overdose
- Intravenous calcium gluconate
- Atropine
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature away from light and moisture
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Well absorbed orally
- Distribution: Crosses the placenta; excreted in breast milk
- Metabolism: Predominantly hepatic via CYP3A4
- Excretion: Mainly in the urine as metabolites
Precautions
- Avoid sudden withdrawal to prevent rebound hypertension
Warnings
- May cause reflex tachycardia
- Avoid use in acute myocardial infarction
Others
- Nifedipine should be swallowed whole and not crushed or chewed to prevent rapid release and potential severe hypotension