Octreotide Acetate

Generic Details

Generic Name

Octreotide-acetate

Other Names

  • Sandostatin

Drug Class

  • Somatostatin analog

Chemical Formula

C49H66N10O10S2

Molecular Weight

1019.23 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

  • Octreotide-acetate acts by binding to somatostatin receptors, thereby inhibiting the release of growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, and other hormones.

Indications

  • Acromegaly
  • Carcinoid tumors
  • VIPomas
  • Bleeding esophageal varices
  • Diarrhea associated with functional endocrine tumors

Common Dosage Forms

  • Injection

Typical Dosage

  • The typical adult dose ranges from 50-200 mcg every 8-12 hours, either subcutaneously or intravenously.

Pediatric Dosage

  • Dosage in pediatrics should be individualized based on the patient's condition and weight.

Geriatric Dosage

  • Dose adjustment may be required in elderly patients with renal or hepatic impairment.

Side Effects

  • Nausea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhea
  • Bloating
  • Gas
  • Injection site reactions
  • Temporary hair loss

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to octreotide-acetate or any components of the formulation
  • Gallbladder or bile duct problems

Pregnancy Category

  • C - Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks

Lactation Safety

  • Limited data available; use with caution

Drug Interactions

  • Insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents
  • Cyclosporine
  • Bromocriptine

Overdose Symptoms

  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Gastric distension

Antidote for Overdose

  • There is no specific antidote for octreotide overdose; symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended.

Storage Conditions

  • Store at controlled room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Protect from light.

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Well absorbed after subcutaneous administration
  • Distribution: Volume of distribution is approximately 13-17 L
  • Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver
  • Excretion: Excreted in urine (32%) and feces (32%)

Precautions

  • Monitoring of blood sugar levels in diabetic patients
  • Regular monitoring of thyroid function
  • Use with caution in patients with gallbladder disease or renal impairment

Warnings

  • May cause gallstone formation
  • Monitor for cardiac function in patients with pre-existing heart conditions

Others

  • Octreotide-acetate should be administered under the supervision of a healthcare provider experienced in the use of this medication.