Phenytoin Sodium
Generic Details
Generic Name
Phenytoin Sodium
Other Names
- Dilantin
- Eptoin
Drug Class
- Anti-epileptic
- Anticonvulsant
Chemical Formula
C15H11N2NaO2
Molecular Weight
274.25 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels in neuronal membranes
Indications
- Epilepsy
- Seizures
Common Dosage Forms
- Tablet
- Capsule
- Oral Suspension
Typical Dosage
- 100-200mg orally 2-3 times daily
Pediatric Dosage
- 5mg/kg/day in divided doses
Geriatric Dosage
- Lower initial doses may be needed for elderly patients
Side Effects
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Nausea
- Confusion
- Gingival hyperplasia
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to phenytoin
- Heart block
Pregnancy Category
- D
Lactation Safety
- Caution advised
Drug Interactions
- Warfarin
- Oral contraceptives
- Cimetidine
Overdose Symptoms
- Nystagmus
- Ataxia
- Mental confusion
Antidote for Overdose
- Activated charcoal
- Supportive measures
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature away from light and moisture
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Well absorbed after oral administration
- Distribution: Highly bound to plasma proteins
- Metabolism: Primarily hepatic
- Excretion: Primarily renal
Precautions
- Monitor serum levels regularly
- Avoid abrupt withdrawal
Warnings
- Risk of severe dermatological reactions
- May cause fetal harm during pregnancy
Others
- May require dosage adjustments in patients with hepatic dysfunction