Pilocarpine Hydrochloride (Ophthalmic)
Generic Details
Generic Name
Pilocarpine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic
Other Names
- Salagen
- Isopto Carpine
Drug Class
- Cholinergic Agonist
Chemical Formula
C11H17N3O2S
Molecular Weight
269.339 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Stimulates muscarinic receptors leading to increased aqueous humor outflow in the eye
Indications
- Glaucoma
- Ocular hypertension
- Xerostomia (off-label use)
Common Dosage Forms
- Eye drops
- Eye gel
Typical Dosage
- 1 drop of 1-2% solution in the affected eye(s) every 6-8 hours
Pediatric Dosage
- Consult pediatric ophthalmologist for appropriate dosing
Geriatric Dosage
- Lower doses may be required due to increased risk of adverse effects
Side Effects
- Blurred vision
- Burning or stinging in the eye
- Headache
- Increased sweating
- Increased salivation
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to pilocarpine or any component of the formulation
- Acute iritis
- Angle-closure glaucoma
Pregnancy Category
- C - Use with caution if benefits outweigh risks
Lactation Safety
- Limited data available; use caution
Drug Interactions
- Anticholinergic drugs may antagonize the effects of pilocarpine
Overdose Symptoms
- Excessive sweating
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Bradycardia
Antidote for Overdose
- Atropine can be used as an antidote to counteract excessive cholinergic effects
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature away from light and moisture
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Pilocarpine is well absorbed through the cornea
- Distribution: Widely distributed in the eye tissues
- Metabolism: Primarily hepatic metabolism
- Excretion: Mainly excreted in the urine
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or cardiovascular disease
Warnings
- Discontinue use if signs of systemic toxicity appear, such as excessive sweating or salivation
Others
- Regular eye examinations are recommended while using pilocarpine for monitoring of intraocular pressure