Primaquine Phosphate

Generic Details

Generic Name

Primaquine Phosphate

Other Names

  • Primaquine

Drug Class

  • Antimalarial Agent

Chemical Formula

C15H21N3O

Molecular Weight

259.35 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

  • Interferes with the development of malaria parasites in the liver and works to eradicate Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale from the liver.

Indications

  • Treatment of P. vivax malaria and prevention of relapse
  • Prophylaxis against malaria

Common Dosage Forms

  • Tablet

Typical Dosage

  • Adults: 15-30 mg once daily for 14 days for radical cure; Prophylaxis: 30 mg once daily
  • Pediatric: Dosage varies based on weight and age

Pediatric Dosage

  • Dosage must be determined based on weight and age. Consult healthcare provider.

Geriatric Dosage

  • Dosage adjustments may be needed. Consult healthcare provider.

Side Effects

  • Gastrointestinal upset
  • Headache
  • Hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency
  • Methemoglobinemia
  • Hemolysis in those with underlying hemoglobinopathies

Contraindications

  • G6PD Deficiency
  • Pregnancy (first trimester)

Pregnancy Category

  • Category C - Risk cannot be ruled out

Lactation Safety

  • Probably safe while breastfeeding but monitor for any adverse effects in the infant.

Drug Interactions

  • Chloroquine
  • Mefloquine
  • Quinine

Overdose Symptoms

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Dizziness
  • Cyanosis
  • Convulsions

Antidote for Overdose

  • Activated charcoal
  • Symptomatic and supportive measures

Storage Conditions

  • Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Well absorbed orally
  • Distribution: Distributed widely in the body, including in the liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys
  • Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver
  • Excretion: Primarily excreted in the urine

Precautions

  • Monitor for signs of hemolysis in patients with underlying hemolytic disorders
  • Avoid use in pregnant women in the first trimester
  • Cautious use in patients with G6PD deficiency

Warnings

  • Risk of hemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals
  • Screening for G6PD deficiency recommended prior to use

Others