Sulphadoxine + Pyrimethamine

Generic Details

Generic Name

Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine

Other Names

  • SP
  • Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine
  • Fansidar

Drug Class

  • Antimalarial

Chemical Formula

C12H14N4O4S:C12H14N4O4

Molecular Weight

786.81 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

  • Inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase
  • Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase

Indications

  • Malaria prophylaxis
  • Treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria

Common Dosage Forms

  • Tablet

Typical Dosage

  • Adults: 3 tablets once a week for prophylaxis, as prescribed for treatment

Pediatric Dosage

  • Dosage based on weight and age, as prescribed by a healthcare provider

Geriatric Dosage

  • Dosage adjustment may be needed based on renal function

Side Effects

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Dizziness
  • Hypersensitivity reactions

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to sulphonamides or pyrimethamine
  • Severe renal or hepatic impairment

Pregnancy Category

  • Category C - Potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks

Lactation Safety

  • Limited data available; caution advised

Drug Interactions

  • Decreased effect with concomitant use of antacids or products containing magnesium, aluminum, or calcium
  • Potential for increased risk of adverse effects with methotrexate

Overdose Symptoms

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Blurred vision
  • Seizures

Antidote for Overdose

  • No specific antidote; symptomatic and supportive treatment

Storage Conditions

  • Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Well absorbed orally
  • Distribution: Distributed widely in body tissues
  • Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver
  • Excretion: Excreted primarily in the urine

Precautions

  • Caution in patients with G6PD deficiency
  • Monitor for signs of hemolytic anemia

Warnings

  • Risk of severe skin reactions in patients with HIV/AIDS