Rifampicin

Generic Details

Generic Name

Rifampicin

Other Names

  • Rifampin

Drug Class

  • Antibiotic
  • Rifamycin

Chemical Formula

C43H58N4O12

Molecular Weight

822.96 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

  • Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to the beta subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Indications

  • Treatment of tuberculosis (TB)
  • Treatment of leprosy
  • Prophylaxis for close contacts of patients with meningococcal disease

Common Dosage Forms

  • Capsules
  • Tablets
  • Oral suspension

Typical Dosage

  • 600 mg to 1200 mg daily for TB
  • 300 mg to 450 mg daily for leprosy

Pediatric Dosage

  • Dosing based on weight and age, consult pediatrician

Geriatric Dosage

  • Dosing adjustment may be needed, consult healthcare provider

Side Effects

  • Orange discoloration of body fluids
  • Gastrointestinal disturbances
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Flu-like syndrome
  • Drug-induced thrombocytopenia

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to rifampicin
  • History of cholestatic jaundice or liver dysfunction due to rifampicin

Pregnancy Category

  • Category C - Risk cannot be ruled out

Lactation Safety

  • Compatible with breastfeeding but monitor for potential adverse effects in the infant

Drug Interactions

  • Potent inducer of CYP enzymes, leading to interactions with many drugs
  • Decreases effectiveness of oral contraceptives
  • May require dose adjustments for anticoagulants and antiretrovirals

Overdose Symptoms

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Drowsiness
  • Hypotension

Antidote for Overdose

  • There is no specific antidote, provide supportive care

Storage Conditions

  • Store at room temperature (15-30°C)
  • Protect from light and moisture

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Well absorbed orally
  • Distribution: Wide distribution in body tissues
  • Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver
  • Excretion: Primarily excreted in bile

Precautions

  • Monitor liver function tests regularly during treatment
  • Caution in patients with pre-existing liver disease

Warnings

  • Discontinue immediately if signs of hepatotoxicity develop
  • May cause false-positive urine tests for opiates

Others

  • Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight during treatment