Rifaximin

Generic Details

Generic Name

Rifaximin

Other Names

  • Xifaxan

Drug Class

  • Antibiotic

Chemical Formula

C43H51N3O11

Molecular Weight

785.9 g/mol

Mechanism of Action

  • Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to the beta-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Indications

  • Traveler's diarrhea
  • Hepatic encephalopathy
  • Irritable bowel syndrome (off-label)

Common Dosage Forms

  • Tablet
  • Suspension

Typical Dosage

  • 200-400 mg orally three times a day

Pediatric Dosage

  • Safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients

Geriatric Dosage

  • Dose adjustment may be needed in elderly patients with renal impairment

Side Effects

  • Flatulence
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Constipation

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to rifaximin or any component of the formulation

Pregnancy Category

  • B

Lactation Safety

  • Use with caution, excretion in breast milk unknown

Drug Interactions

  • Rifampin may decrease rifaximin levels

Overdose Symptoms

  • No specific overdose symptoms reported

Antidote for Overdose

  • No specific antidote, manage with supportive measures

Storage Conditions

  • Store at controlled room temperature between 20-25°C (68-77°F)

Pharmacokinetics

  • Absorption: Poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
  • Distribution: Concentrates in the gut and liver
  • Metabolism: Minimally metabolized
  • Excretion: Mainly excreted unchanged in the feces

Precautions

  • Monitor for severe diarrhea during treatment
  • Discontinue if severe diarrhea occurs

Warnings

  • May cause Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
  • Monitor for signs of encephalopathy in hepatic patients

Others

  • Consult a healthcare provider for appropriate use and dosing based on individual patient needs.