Sodium Chloride (0.9%)
Generic Details
Generic Name
Sodium Chloride 0.9%
Other Names
- Normal saline
- Saline solution
Drug Class
- Electrolyte
Chemical Formula
NaCl
Molecular Weight
58.44 g/mol
Mechanism of Action
- Sodium chloride works as an electrolyte replenisher, helping to restore proper electrolyte balance in the body.
Indications
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Wound irrigation
- Nasal congestion relief
Common Dosage Forms
- Solution for injection
- Nasal spray
- Eye drops
Typical Dosage
- Dependent on the condition and route of administration, commonly 0.9% solution for IV infusion
Pediatric Dosage
- Varies based on weight and condition, administered under medical supervision
Geriatric Dosage
- May require adjustment based on renal function and overall health status
Side Effects
- Local irritation at injection site
- Fluid overload if administered in excessive amounts
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to sodium chloride
- Hypernatremia
- Fluid retention conditions
Pregnancy Category
- Generally considered safe for use during pregnancy
Lactation Safety
- Considered safe for use during lactation
Drug Interactions
- May interact with certain medications affecting electrolyte balance (e.g., diuretics)
Overdose Symptoms
- Fluid overload symptoms, electrolyte imbalance
Antidote for Overdose
- Supportive care, correction of electrolyte imbalances
Storage Conditions
- Store at room temperature away from light and moisture
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Rapidly absorbed when administered parenterally
- Distribution: Distributes evenly in extracellular fluid compartments
- Metabolism: Metabolized in the body as a standard electrolyte
- Excretion: Primarily excreted via the kidneys
Precautions
- Monitor electrolyte levels during therapy
- Use with caution in patients with renal impairment
Warnings
- Avoid rapid infusion to prevent fluid overload