Why Hydrogen Peroxide Isn’t Suitable for Treating Burns

Burn injuries are a frequent issue, whether from accidentally touching a hot surface, spilling boiling water, or forgetting to reapply sunscreen during a sunny outing.

While most minor burns can be effectively managed at home, you may want to think twice before turning to hydrogen peroxide as a solution. Despite its widespread use as a first-aid staple, hydrogen peroxide may not be the best choice for burn treatment. Continue reading to understand the implications of using hydrogen peroxide on burns and explore more effective alternatives.

Understanding Hydrogen Peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide, or H₂O₂, is often found in households, typically stored in a brown bottle under sinks. A standard 3% hydrogen peroxide solution contains 3% hydrogen peroxide and 97% water. This solution has been used for more than a century for its antiseptic properties, first gaining popularity for wound care in the 1920s. Many people have memories of their parents applying hydrogen peroxide to their cuts, watching in fascination as bubbles formed on the wound’s surface. This reaction occurs because hydrogen peroxide interacts with an enzyme called catalase present in skin cells, releasing oxygen gas.

The Drawbacks of Hydrogen Peroxide for Burn Treatment

Initially, you might assume that those bubbling reactions signal the killing of bacteria and accelerated healing. While a 2019 review acknowledges hydrogen peroxide's antimicrobial properties, it falls short in promoting wound healing. In fact, research has not demonstrated any beneficial effects of 3% hydrogen peroxide on wound recovery. Although it may initially eliminate some bacteria, hydrogen peroxide also poses risks; it can irritate skin and hinder the growth of new blood vessels and tissue. Even more concentrated solutions can cause severe tissue damage.

Your best approach for treating burns is simple: gently wash the affected area with mild soap and cool water, then apply a soothing moisturizer and cover it with a loose bandage.

Step-by-Step Guide to Managing Minor Burns

Minor burns, often referred to as superficial burns, affect only the outer skin layer. These typically lead to reddish, painful areas not exceeding about three inches in diameter. If your burn appears larger or deeper, it's essential to seek medical attention. Below are the recommended steps for managing a minor burn:

• Remove yourself from the source of burn: Ensure the heat source is turned off or eliminated.
• Cool the burn: The American Academy of Dermatology recommends using a cold, damp cloth or immersing the area in cool water for approximately 10 minutes.
• Remove restrictive items: Quickly take off jewelry, belts, or clothing to accommodate possible swelling.
• Address blisters with care: Do not break blisters. If they rupture, gently clean with water; a healthcare provider may suggest antibiotic ointment.
• Apply a moisturizer: Use a product like petroleum jelly or a gentle lotion. Avoid home remedies like butter or toothpaste.
• Protect the burn with a bandage: Use a sterile, nonstick dressing to shield the area, making sure it’s not tightly wrapped.
• Manage pain: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help reduce pain and inflammation.

Understanding Different Degrees of Burns

First-Degree Burns

These minor burns only affect the outer layer of skin, characterized by redness and dryness without blisters. They are usually treatable at home.

Second-Degree Burns

Second-degree burns can be classified into:

• Superficial Partial Thickness: Affects the outer and part of the inner skin layer, typically results in moist, swollen skin and blisters.
• Deep Partial Thickness: Goes deeper, potentially dry or waxy, often resulting in less blanching.

These may require professional evaluation, especially if the injury is extensive.

Third-Degree Burns

These burns penetrate through all skin layers into deeper tissues. The skin can appear whitish, gray, or charred, and they often require specialized medical care.

Fourth-Degree Burns

This is the most severe burn type, damaging skin layers and affecting deeper tissues, including muscle and bone, necessitating urgent medical attention.

When to Seek Medical Care

Generally, first-degree burns that are small may not require a doctor's visit. However, if you're unsure about the severity of your burn, consulting a healthcare provider is wise. This way, you can confirm the appropriate care approach. Immediate medical attention is warranted if the burn exceeds a couple of square inches or if you suspect deeper tissue damage. If pain escalates or signs of infection appear, reaching out to your doctor is crucial. Burns can compromise your skin's barrier, increasing the risk of infection, as noted in a 2015 review.

Key Takeaways

For minor burns, running cool water over the injury is typically effective. Over-the-counter pain relievers can alleviate discomfort, but it’s crucial to avoid using hydrogen peroxide as a treatment. For larger or serious burns, do not hesitate to seek professional medical advice.