11 Potential Causes of Chest Pain Accompanied by Cough

Chest pain combined with a cough can signal a range of medical conditions, from mild respiratory infections to serious illnesses like lung cancer. While some causes are self-limiting and may resolve on their own, others necessitate professional medical intervention.

A persistent cough may arise from common colds, throat irritation, or allergies. However, when combined with chest pain, it could indicate underlying respiratory issues such as acute bronchitis or pneumonia. Below, we outline 11 potential conditions that may lead to chest pain alongside coughing to help you identify potential causes.

Seeking Immediate Medical Help

It is critical to seek immediate medical help if you experience sudden, severe, or sharp chest pain. This may be indicative of a heart attack. Accompanying symptoms may include:

Shortness of breath
Pain radiating to the left arm, shoulder, or neck
Nausea and sweating
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Unusual fatigue

1. Acute Bronchitis

Acute bronchitis, often known as a "chest cold," arises when the air passages leading to the lungs become inflamed and filled with mucus. Initially, coughing may be dry but can evolve into a productive cough, which produces mucus. Symptoms typically last from 10 days to 3 weeks.

2. Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection causing inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs, which may be triggered by bacterial, viral, or fungal origins. The presence of pus and fluid in the lungs can lead to persistent coughing and chest pain. Additional symptoms may include:

High fever
Chills
Muscle aches
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Low blood oxygen levels

Contact a healthcare provider if pneumonia is suspected, as untreated cases can lead to severe complications, including sepsis.

3. Pleural Disorders

The pleura—tissue lining the lungs and chest cavity—can develop dysfunction that leads to coughing and chest discomfort. Common pleural disorders include:

Pleurisy (inflammation of the pleura)
Pleural effusion (fluid accumulation)
Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)

These disorders can result from inflammation, fluid build-up, or serious medical conditions like congestive heart failure.

4. Pericarditis

Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium, the protective sac surrounding the heart. Viral infections are the most common culprits, but bacteria and other diseases can also cause this condition. Symptoms may include:

Sharp central chest pain, sometimes mistaken for heart attack
Cough
Fever
Fatigue
Difficulty breathing

Acute pericarditis can last 1 to 3 weeks, while chronic cases can persist for more than three months.

5. Influenza

The flu is a highly contagious viral infection that can trigger a dry cough, which may worsen over time and lead to chest discomfort. Typical flu symptoms include:

Fever
Sore throat
Muscle pains
Runny or stuffy nose
Headaches
Fatigue

Coughing due to the flu can last up to 2 weeks, often diminishing with the improvement of other symptoms.

6. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

COPD encompasses various progressive lung ailments, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Initial symptoms may involve mild cough and shortness of breath, which may progress to chronic coughing, chest tightness, and heightened mucus production. Consulting a healthcare professional is recommended for managing COPD.

7. Asthma

Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, which can lead to narrowing and difficulty in breathing. Symptoms may include a chronic cough and associated chest pain, particularly during an asthma attack where chest tightness or pain may be experienced as either a dull ache or sharp discomfort.

8. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

GERD occurs when stomach acid intermittently flows back into the esophagus, resulting in heartburn and chest pain. Persistent symptoms may warrant consultation with a healthcare professional for appropriate treatment.

9. Pulmonary Embolism

A pulmonary embolism (PE) arises when a blood clot travels to the lungs, leading to symptoms such as:

Shooting chest pain and difficulty breathing
Rapid breathing
Elevated heart rate
Lightheadedness
Excess sweating

PE is a serious condition that can lead to severe complications or even be fatal if not promptly treated.

10. Lung Cancer

For individuals with a history of smoking, a persistent cough accompanied by chest pain can signal lung cancer. Early stages may not present noticeable symptoms, but as the disease advances, symptoms such as shortness of breath and a cough producing blood may appear.

11. Interstitial Lung Disease

This term refers to a group of lung disorders that cause scarring or fibrosis, inhibiting lung function. Symptoms generally include a dry cough and chest pain. Risk factors can include:

Previous medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis
Chemotherapy treatments
Long-term exposure to harmful substances
Smoking

Diagnosis Procedures

Diagnosing the cause of chest pain and coughing is multifaceted; it often involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Further tests may include:

Imaging (chest X-rays, CT or MRI scans)
Pulmonary function tests
Bronchoscopy
Ultrasounds
Sputum analysis
Complete blood counts

Treatment Options

Treatment for chest pain and cough will vary based on the underlying cause. Home remedies that may provide relief include:

Consuming warm fluids
Using a humidifier
Avoiding smoke exposure
Sucking on throat lozenges

For specific conditions:

Viral Infections: Typically self-limiting; OTC medications can alleviate symptoms.
Bacterial Infections: Require antibiotics; it is crucial to complete the prescribed course.
Pleural Disorders and Pericarditis: May benefit from medication for infection and corticosteroids for inflammation.
Chronic Conditions: Treatment may include bronchodilators and inhalers for COPD and asthma.
Pulmonary Embolism: Blood thinners and procedures for clot removal may be necessary.
Lung Cancer: May involve surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Interstitial Lung Disease: Treatment may involve oxygen therapy, corticosteroids, or lung transplants.

When to Consult a Healthcare Provider

While a persistent cough may not always signify a serious issue, chest pain is a notable concern. Contact a healthcare professional if:

A cough persists beyond 3 weeks without improvement
There is accompanying chest pain
Fever exceeds 100.4°F (38°C)
Visible blood is present in sputum
Leg pain or swelling occurs
You experience significant shortness of breath
Symptoms include hoarseness or feelings of extreme fatigue

Common Questions Addressed

When should I be concerned about chest pain and coughing?

Coughing accompanied by chest pain can stem from various benign conditions; however, severe or sharp chest pain, especially when radiating to other areas, complete weakness, or significant discomfort warrants immediate medical evaluation.

Is chest pain a symptom of COVID-19?

While not everyone experiences chest pain with COVID-19, some individuals may encounter lung inflammation and heart effects leading to discomfort. Other common symptoms often include fever and profound fatigue. Seek medical assistance if you encounter persistent symptoms.

What are the typical symptoms of bronchitis?

Bronchitis typically presents as a dry cough that may transition to a productive cough accompanied by nasal congestion, sore throat, and fatigue. A medical professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

What causes simultaneous chest pain and cough?

Numerous factors can contribute to these symptoms, including respiratory infections, chronic lung conditions, acid reflux, and even cancer. Should your symptoms persist or worsen, medical assessment is crucial.

Conclusion

A range of health conditions can lead to a cough with chest pain. Pinpointing the exact cause can be challenging, thus it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider if symptoms persist or exacerbate.