Understanding Male Hormonal Fluctuations: Can Men Experience Periods?

Although cisgender men do not experience menstrual periods, they undergo fluctuations in testosterone levels that can lead to a variety of both mental and physical symptoms. These daily and cyclical changes in hormone levels sometimes result in experiences reminiscent of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

The Nature of Testosterone Variation

Just like women, men experience hormonal changes throughout their lives. Testosterone levels typically increase in the morning and decline by evening, with daily variations in levels that can sometimes mimic hormonal shifts seen in women.

Psychotherapist and author Jed Diamond, PhD, introduces the concept of Irritable Male Syndrome (IMS) to describe the symptoms associated with these hormonal fluctuations. He suggests that men too have cyclical hormonal patterns that can be humorously referred to as “man-struation.” However, it’s essential to note that the underlying biology for men is vastly different from that of women.

The Distinction Between Male Hormonal Changes and Menstruation

According to sex therapist Janet Brito, PhD, LCSW, CST, the hormonal changes experienced by women serve specific reproductive functions, such as the preparation for potential conception. In contrast, cisgender men lack the biological systems—such as the uterus and ovulation—that are integral to menstruation.

Therefore, while men may experience hormonal shifts that influence mood and energy levels, they do not undergo menstrual cycles in the same manner women do.

Factors Influencing Male Hormonal Levels

The fluctuations in testosterone levels, often labeled as IMS, can be influenced by various factors, including:

• Age: Testosterone levels may begin to decrease as early as age 30.
• Stress: Elevated stress can significantly alter hormonal balances.
• Diet and Weight Changes: Nutritional habits and body composition can impact hormone levels.
• Illness: Certain medical conditions may lead to fluctuations.
• Sleep Deprivation: Lack of quality sleep can negatively affect testosterone production.
• Eating Disorders: These can disrupt overall hormonal balance.

Possible Symptoms of Male Hormonal Fluctuations

Symptoms associated with IMS can resemble those experienced during PMS, although they do not adhere to a regular pattern. Men may experience symptoms such as:

• Persistent fatigue
• Mental confusion or fogginess
• Feelings of depression
• Increased irritability or anger
• Lowered self-esteem
• Decreased libido
• Anxiety levels
• Heightened emotional sensitivity

If you consistently experience these symptoms, it may be important to consult a healthcare professional, as they could indicate a testosterone deficiency or other underlying health issues.

Addressing Mood Fluctuations and Lifestyle Changes

While IMS is not an officially recognized medical condition, managing symptoms may involve adopting lifestyle changes such as:

• Regular exercise
• A balanced and nutritious diet
• Mindfulness and stress-relief practices
• Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption

Such changes can positively affect both physical and mental health. If low testosterone levels seem to contribute to your symptoms, discussing potential treatment options with a doctor may be warranted.

Recognizing When to Seek Medical Help

While occasional moodiness is normal, persistent emotional or physical discomfort may require medical attention. Seek advice from a healthcare provider if these feelings disrupt your daily life.

Additionally, if you notice any unusual bleeding, it is imperative to consult a doctor as this could indicate a serious health problem—not a "male period."