Torus palatinus is a benign bony protrusion that develops on the roof of the mouth, also known as the hard palate. While this condition is generally harmless, treatment may be needed if it interferes with oral functions like eating or speaking.

What Characterizes Torus Palatinus?

The presence of torus palatinus can be identified by the following features:

• Its location is typically centered on the hard palate of the mouth.
• Size varies significantly, ranging from less than 2 millimeters to over 6 millimeters in diameter.
• It can manifest in several forms—flat, nodular, or spindle-like—and sometimes appears as a cluster of nodules.
• Growth is gradual; it usually emerges during puberty but is often not noticeable until later in life. With aging, these growths may stop expanding or even reduce in size due to natural bone resorption.

What Are the Causes and Risk Factors?

Despite extensive research, the exact cause of torus palatinus remains uncertain. However, genetics may play a significant role, suggesting that this condition can run in families. Other contributing factors include:

• Dietary Influences: Countries with high consumption of saltwater fish, such as Japan, Croatia, and Norway, show higher occurrences of torus palatinus, potentially linked to nutrients beneficial for bone development.
• Teeth Grinding: Some studies suggest that the pressure caused by clenching or grinding teeth may contribute to the development of this condition, though opinions vary among experts.
• Bone Density: Initial findings suggest a correlation between higher bone density and the presence of torus palatinus, particularly in postmenopausal women. Further research is needed to substantiate this link.

How Is Torus Palatinus Diagnosed?

Usually, a dentist identifies torus palatinus during a routine examination, especially if it is sizable enough to be felt by the patient. For smaller growths without symptoms, observation may be all that is required.

Is Torus Palatinus Related to Cancer?

Although any unusual growth warrants a closer look, oral cancer remains a rare occurrence, affecting only a minor percentage of the population. When it does occur, it’s more commonly found on the soft tissues of the mouth. Your healthcare provider may consider imaging techniques, such as a CT scan, to rule out malignancy.

Available Treatment Options

Most of the time, treatment isn’t necessary unless the torus palatinus causes issues with daily activities. Surgical intervention is primarily recommended in the following scenarios:

• The growth hinders proper denture fitting.
• Its size disrupts eating, speaking, or maintaining oral hygiene.
• It is prone to injury from food, causing discomfort or slow healing.

The surgical procedure is often performed under local anesthesia by a maxillofacial surgeon. The surgeon will create an incision to remove excess bone and then close the area with sutures. Although complications are rare, potential risks include:

• Injury to the nasal cavity
• Infection
• Swelling
• Heavy bleeding
• Adverse reactions to anesthesia (very rare)

Recovery takes typically between three to four weeks, during which it’s important to:

• Follow your surgeon's pain management plan
• Adopt a soft diet to avoid stressing the sutures
• Use saltwater rinses or oral antiseptics to minimize infection risk

Prognosis and Final Thoughts

It is essential to monitor any unusual lumps or growths and consult a healthcare provider to rule out serious conditions. Generally, torus palatinus is a common, non-painful condition that does not pose significant health risks. Many individuals lead perfectly normal lives without any complications associated with this growth. If it does interfere with your daily activities, effective and straightforward surgical options are available for relief.