Understanding Separation Anxiety Disorder in Adults

Separation anxiety isn’t just a childhood issue; adults can also experience it. For some, the unresolved separation anxiety from childhood evolves into a profound fear surrounding the well-being of significant people in their lives. This heightened anxiety can manifest as an overwhelming concern that harm may befall those they cherish.

While the exact causes of this disorder remain unclear, it frequently coexists with other anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. In this article, we will delve deeper into the intricacies of adult separation anxiety disorder.

Comparing Separation Anxiety in Adults and Children

Separation anxiety is a common developmental stage for children aged six months to three years. However, if symptoms prolong into later childhood, the child may be diagnosed with childhood separation anxiety disorder. Likewise, if symptoms persist into adulthood, a diagnosis of adult separation anxiety disorder is appropriate.

While the manifestations in adults and children share similarities, they differ in context. Children typically exhibit anxiety regarding separation from parents or caregivers, often reluctant to participate in activities that take them away from home, such as sleepovers or camp. Conversely, adults may experience anxiety when separated from significant others or children, impacting their work and social interactions.

Recognizing the Symptoms

While concern for loved ones is natural, individuals with adult separation anxiety disorder undergo intense anxiety and panic when those close to them are out of sight. Symptoms may include:

• Excessive fears regarding the safety of loved ones or oneself
• Persistent refusal or hesitance to be away from loved ones
• Difficulty sleeping alone due to fear of something happening to a loved one
• Frequent episodes of sadness or trouble focusing when separated
• Physical symptoms such as headaches, digestive issues, or general discomfort

To qualify for a diagnosis, these symptoms must significantly disrupt daily functioning and persist for at least six months.

Identifying Risk Factors

Adult separation anxiety disorder often arises after experiencing significant life changes, such as a loss or transitioning to college. Individuals with a history of childhood separation anxiety are also at a higher risk. Additionally, those raised by overly protective parents may be more susceptible. Common co-existing conditions include:

• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Panic disorder
• Social anxiety disorder
• Personality disorders

Diagnostic Process

To diagnose adult separation anxiety disorder, healthcare providers will conduct a thorough examination based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Key criteria include:

• Excessive fear of separation that is developmentally inappropriate
• Symptoms present for at least six months
• Significant impact on social and personal responsibilities
• No alternative diagnosis can adequately explain symptoms

Your healthcare professional may conduct multiple assessments and consult trusted family members or friends (with your consent) to gain insights into how the condition affects your everyday life.

Effective Treatment Options

Treatment for adult separation anxiety disorder often mirrors approaches used for other anxiety disorders. Options may include:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• Group Therapy
• Family Therapy
• Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
• Medications such as antidepressants, buspirone (BuSpar), or benzodiazepines

Moving Forward: What to Expect

Adult separation anxiety can arise in childhood or adulthood. Although it can significantly impact quality of life, it is manageable with proper treatment. If you suspect you or a loved one may be experiencing this disorder, seeking professional help is a vital step in recovery.