Enhancing Cognitive Function with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS)

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) extends beyond just physical challenges; it can also impact your thinking abilities. Research indicates that approximately 65% of individuals with multiple sclerosis experience some form of cognitive impairment, according to a 2012 study published in Cerebrum. Cognitive challenges associated with PPMS may include:

• Difficulty with thinking processes
• Forgetfulness, particularly regarding past events
• Struggles in learning new tasks
• Trouble multitasking
• Challenges in recalling names
• Difficulties in following directions

Unlike other forms of MS that primarily affect the brain, PPMS primarily impacts the spinal cord, leading to cognitive changes that may develop gradually. Given the lack of approved medications specifically for PPMS, lifestyle adjustments can play a crucial role in enhancing cognitive well-being. Here are several strategies to help you boost your cognitive function.

1. Engage in Regular Physical Activity

Staying physically active is strongly linked to improved cognitive function. Regular exercise can yield cognitive benefits even in individuals with PPMS. While mobility limitations may restrict some activities, there are various exercises that can be tailored to individual needs. Options include:

• Walking
• Swimming
• Yoga
• Tai Chi

Start with short sessions if you're new to exercise, gradually increasing to up to 30 minutes as your strength builds. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting new physical activities.

2. Prioritize Quality Sleep

Inadequate sleep can exacerbate cognitive difficulties. Many individuals with PPMS encounter sleep disturbances due to discomfort at night. Ensuring adequate rest is vital for enhancing overall health, mood, and cognitive function.

3. Play Memory-Enhancing Games

Engaging in memory games can effectively strengthen both short-term and long-term memory, which may be affected by PPMS. A wide variety of memory-enhancing games are available online and through smartphone apps.

4. Write Regularly

Writing can improve cognitive health. Keeping a journal, even if you don't identify as a writer, can assist in refining your ability to construct sentences and articulate thoughts. Additionally, reviewing past entries can help maintain reading comprehension.

5. Solve Puzzles and Engage in Problem-Solving Activities

Puzzles and problem-solving games serve as excellent means of exercising cognitive skills. Challenge yourself with word puzzles, math games, or mobile problem-solving apps. For added enjoyment, consider hosting a family game night.

6. Organize Your Space

Memory challenges due to PPMS can lead to forgetting important dates and commitments. Using tools like personal organizers can help manage this. Many smartphones offer calendar features with reminders that can assist in keeping track of appointments. Alternatively, a traditional paper calendar can also work effectively.

Additionally, consider organizing your workspace with a new filing system for bills, medical documents, and other important papers. A tidy environment facilitates better memory retention.

7. Read Daily

Reading can be both an enjoyable pastime and a brain-boosting activity. Whether you prefer printed books, e-books, or magazines, integrating reading into your daily routine provides cognitive stimulation. Joining a book club may also offer both mental engagement and social interaction.

8. Review Your Medications

Although there are no specific medications for managing PPMS, some prescribed treatments might contribute to cognitive difficulties. Discuss with your healthcare provider if you're taking any of the following:

• Antidepressants
• Cholesterol-lowering medications
• Muscle relaxants
• Seizure medications
• Steroids

Adjusting medication dosages or switching to alternative medications may enhance cognitive function.

9. Consider Counseling Options

Counseling can be beneficial for individuals with PPMS, available in both individual and group formats. Individual therapy can employ techniques that promote self-esteem and functionality, while group therapy can foster social connections that aid cognitive health. Look into MS support groups for additional resources.

Assessing Cognitive Function

Diagnosing cognitive impairments associated with PPMS can be challenging. Physicians primarily rely on reported symptoms, but neurological and memory assessments may also be utilized. One common evaluation tool is the PASAT test, which focuses on number recall and basic mathematical tasks.

In addition to cognitive enhancement activities, your healthcare provider might recommend incorporating occupational therapy or speech pathology into your care plan.