Understanding the Connection Between Oral Sex and Oral Cancer Risks

Oral cancer is not contagious and cannot be transmitted through oral sex. However, engaging in oral sex may expose you to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human papillomavirus (HPV), which have been linked to an increased risk of developing oropharyngeal cancer later in life.

Insights from Health Professionals

“Oral sex is often considered a safe alternative to traditional intercourse, allowing for pleasurable experiences without the worry of pregnancy,” says Dr. Michelle Forcier, a specialist in gender-affirming care with the virtual health service FOLX. Still, similar to other sexual activities, there is a potential risk of STI transmission.

Common STIs Transmissible via Oral Sex

Here are some STIs that can be transmitted from the oral to genital regions or vice versa:

• Gonorrhea
• Syphilis
• Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
• HPV

Additionally, chlamydia, HIV, hepatitis, genital warts, and pubic lice can occasionally spread through oral contact.

To clarify, cancer itself is not an STI. “You do not catch oral cancer like you would an infection,” explains family nurse practitioner Adrienne Ton from TBD Health. However, certain oral STIs could raise your risk of developing oral cancer in the future. Not diagnosing and treating these STIs can indeed pose health risks.

Which Strains of HPV Are Linked to Oral Cancer?

HPV is a virus that spreads through skin-to-skin contact or through bodily fluids from an infected person. It’s often asymptomatic, meaning many individuals might unknowingly carry the virus. Fortunately, many can naturally eliminate the infection within two years.

There are over 100 strains of HPV, yet most are not associated with any form of cancer. However, roughly 40 strains can affect genital areas, and only two strains are classified as "high risk":

• HPV-16: Strongly associated with oropharyngeal cancers, which involve the back of the throat, base of the tongue, and tonsils.
• HPV-18: Primarily linked to cervical cancer.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 70% of oropharyngeal cancers in the U.S. are attributed to HPV. The progression from initial HPV infection to cancerous cells in the oropharynx can take around a decade, as noted by Dr. Forcier.

Can Other STIs Elevate Your Risk of Oral Cancer?

There is some evidence to suggest that oral HSV and syphilis might also contribute to an increased risk of oral cancer. HSV is a persistent condition, primarily caused by HSV-1 in oral contexts and is frequently asymptomatic. There's ongoing research to ascertain the link between HSV-1 and oral cancer progression.

Syphilis, on the other hand, is a bacterial infection that is manageable and treatable. While some individuals may experience clear symptoms, these can often be misdiagnosed. The connection between untreated syphilis and long-term health problems is well-documented, yet the relationship between syphilis and tongue cancer lacks robust evidence.

How to Lower Your Risk of Oral HPV and Other STIs

One of the most effective preventative measures against HPV-16 and other high-risk strains is vaccination. A study revealed that individuals who received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine before age 26 experienced an 88% reduction in oral HPV infections.

For those under 45, it is advisable to consult healthcare professionals about vaccination options. Additionally, fostering open discussions about STI testing with current or potential partners can significantly mitigate risks.

Using barriers, such as condoms or dental dams, during oral sex is also recommended, particularly for those with multiple partners or when a partner’s STI status is unknown.

Managing HPV Transmission Risks

If you have HPV, consider these strategies to mitigate transmission risks:

• Avoid oral sex if you have open sores, unusual throat symptoms, or other related signs.
• Refrain from deep kissing until any symptoms have resolved.
• Utilize barrier methods during oral and genital interactions to lower the chance of spreading STIs.

Additional Strategies to Diminish Oral Cancer Risk

Quitting or significantly reducing tobacco use is a primary method for decreasing your risk of oral cancer. Regular dental visits can help monitor your oral health, ensuring early detection of any unusual lesions or sores. Moreover, maintaining a nutritious diet, staying hydrated, and leading an active lifestyle can strengthen your immune system and overall well-being.

Conclusion

While oral cancer itself is not directly transmitted through oral sex, exposure to certain STIs can increase the likelihood of its development. You can take steps to minimize your risk of STIs by getting vaccinated for HPV, communicating openly with partners about STI testing, and using protection during sexual activities.

Author Bio: Gabrielle Kassel is a dedicated queer sex educator and health journalist. Passionate about fostering wellness, her work has graced diverse platforms, including Shape, Cosmopolitan, and Women’s Health. In her spare time, she enjoys coaching CrossFit, exploring nature with her border collie, and podcasting on pleasure topics. Connect with her on Instagram @Gabriellekassel.