As of now, there is no standalone blood test capable of definitively diagnosing endometriosis. According to Dr. Monte Swarup, a board-certified OB-GYN and founder of Vaginal Health Hub, “Currently, there is no blood test in clinical practice that can diagnose endometriosis on its own.”

However, the CA-125 test is often discussed in this context. Laura Purdy, MD, OB-GYN and Chief Medical Officer at Wisp, explains that while the CA-125 test measures a protein that is typically elevated in individuals with endometriosis, it is generally insufficient for an accurate diagnosis. “These biomarker tests may show increased levels, but they are not reliable compared to other diagnostic methods,” she states.

The CA-125 test serves to measure the levels of a blood protein called CA-125. Initially intended for evaluating the risk of specific gynecological cancers, elevated CA-125 levels can also be found in those with endometriosis. Nevertheless, Dr. Purdy notes, “The CA-125 test alone cannot provide a conclusive diagnosis.” Various factors, including menstruation, pregnancy, and other benign gynecological conditions, can also raise CA-125 levels.

While researchers acknowledge that a blood test would be a favorable, cost-effective, and less invasive option, they currently agree that no existing test has demonstrated sufficient accuracy to be utilized as the primary diagnostic instrument for endometriosis.

The standard approach to diagnosing endometriosis remains laparoscopy, a minimally invasive surgical procedure. During laparoscopy, small incisions are made in the abdomen, and a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) is inserted to visually assess the internal organs. Dr. Swarup mentions, “The main aim is to identify any adhesions, scars, or unusual tissue linked to endometriosis.” If suspect tissue is observed, a biopsy may be performed for further analysis. This procedure typically allows for same-day discharge, with most individuals resuming normal activities within 2 to 3 days post-surgery.

Some healthcare providers may utilize less invasive methods, such as ultrasound or MRI, for initial diagnostics. An ultrasound can visualize potential endometriomas, specifically ovarian endometriosis, but cannot detect endometriosis elsewhere in the pelvis. Similarly, MRI scans can reveal deeper endometrial growths but are not foolproof for comprehensive diagnosis.

If you suspect that your symptoms align with those of endometriosis, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional. Dr. Purdy advises seeking out a medical provider specializing in trauma-informed endometriosis care. After discussing your concerns, the provider can recommend the most suitable steps for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Currently, there is no blood test available that can confirm a diagnosis of endometriosis. The most effective method remains laparoscopic surgery, although ultrasound and MRI may offer supplementary insights into your health.